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Aft: towards the stern of the boat; to move aft is to move back "all hands" call: A call that is made when all crew members are required on deck, especially during an emergency aloft: High above the deck of a ship in the rigging or on a mast Astern: in the direction of, or behind, the stern ballast: Weighted materials—such as stone, iron, lead, or wood—used as a counterweight in the hold to stabilize a boat Bark: 3 Masted vessel: Square rigged on Fore and main Mast. Barquentine: 3 Masted vessel: Square rigged on Fore Mast only. barnacle: A small marine organism (crustacean) that cements itself to rocks, wharves, ship hulls and even other animals (like whales) Batten down: Secure hatches and loose objects both within the Hull and on Deck. bearing: A determination of position; the position or direction of one point with respect to another or to the compass Becalmed: Motionless from lack of wind. A vessel is said to be Becalmed when there is no wind and the sails hang limp and lifeless. Bilge: The bottommost interior part of a ship; the inner, lower part of a ship’s hull bilge water: Water that collects in the bilge of a boat; in large boats and tankers, water is sometimes added to the bilge for stability (ballast) on long sea journeys, then pumped out upon arrival in port Boom: A horizontal Spar attached to the bottom edge of of a Sail, and with its end attached to some form of pivot on the Mast. Bow: forward part of a boat Brig: I've seen two definitions. (1) Two masted ship with the foremast square rigged. and (2) Two-masted vessel with both masts square rigged. On the aftermost Mast, there is also a Gaff sail. Brigantine: Two-masted vessel with the Fore Mast being square rigged and after Mast usually Gaff rigged. Brine: Salt water used for preserving and pickling foods cast off: To let go; depart cat o’ nine tails: A whip made of nine knotted cords attached to a handle celestial navigation: Navigation in which one’s position is determined from observations of the sun, moon, stars or planets Come About: A vessel is said to go, come, or put About when she alters Course from one Tack to the other Dead reckoning: To estimate position by using Course, speed, and last known position Dinghy: a small open boat, usually carried aboard a yacht for going ashore Foremast: The Mast in the forepart of a vessel, the Mast nearest to the Bow. Gaff: A free-swinging Spar attached to the top of the Sail. Galley: The kitchen of a Ship. Gang plank: Board or ramp used as a walkway from a vessel to a Dock or Pier. Headsails: The collection of sails (jibs and staysails) foreward of the Foremast. Headstay: A wire support Line from the masthead to the Bow: upon which the Headsails are hoisted. Jib: A triangular Foresail in front of the Foremast. Knot: A speed of one Nautical mile per hour. (6076 feet) per hour. Landlubber: Stemming from 'Land Lover': this term is used by sailors to describe anyone lacking good seamanship or not sharing their love of the sea. Latitude: an angular measurement or distance measured in degrees, north or south from the equator: which is 0 Lee: the side sheltered from the wind Leeward: The direction away from the wind. List: inclination of a boat due to excess weight on one side or the other Log: A chronological record of courses and operations of the ship. Longitude: distance in degrees east or west of Greenwich, England, meridian: which is 0 Mainmast: The tallest Mast of the Ship Mainsail: The lowest square Sail on the Mainmast. Mast: A large wooden pole used to Hold up the sails Nautical mile: one minute of latitude; approximately 6076 feet: about 1/8 longer than the statute mile of 5280 feet Port: the left side of the boat when looking forward Reef: to shorten sail, usually by partially lowering it and tying it off with reefing lines Rigging: The Lines that support the spars and move the sails and yards (standing and running Rigging) Rudder: a fin under the stern of the vessel used steering Running-rigging: Lines which run through pulleys and Block and Tackle, that are used to adjust the sails and yards. Schooner: A sailing vessel with at least 2 masts, Foremast and Mainmast, with the Mainmast being the taller. Sloop: A single-masted fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessel with a single headsail set from the forestay. Spar: A pole or a Beam. Masts, booms, and yards are all spars. Standing Rigging: Shrouds and stays that Secure the yards and Mast in place. Called 'standing' because they do not move to control parts of the vessel but ratner Hold things in place. Starboard: the right side of the boat when looking forward Staysail: On a cutter this is the sail located between the jib and the main sail Topsail Schooner: A Schooner with a square rigged sail on the top of the mast(s). MastWake: the swell caused by a boat passing through water Winch: mechanical device for hauling in a line Windward: toward the direction from which the wind is coming Yard: A Spar usually fixed horizontally to a Mast that supports a Sail. Yaw, Yawing: to turn from side to side in an uneven course
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